The ProphetsNo. 14

Musa

مُوسَى

  • Scripture: The Tawrat
  • One of the messengers of firm resolve
  • Known in the Bible as Moses

Described as chosen and sincere, a messenger and a prophet; Allah gave him the Scripture and the Criterion.

QuranSee it in the Atlas

His story

Pharaoh was slaughtering the sons of the Children of Israel (28:4). Musa's mother was inspired to cast her baby into the river (28:7). Pharaoh's wife took him in (28:9), and Allah returned him to his mother to nurse (28:13). As a young man he struck an Egyptian, who died, and he asked Allah's forgiveness (28:15-16). He fled to Madyan, where he married and worked for some years (28:22-28).

On the way back he saw a fire at Mount Tur and heard his Lord call him and tell him that He is Allah, besides whom there is no god (20:14). He was given the signs of the staff and the shining hand, and was sent to Pharaoh with his brother Harun as helper. Pharaoh's magicians were defeated and believed (20:70). After years of calling, Musa led the believers out. The sea parted for them and closed over Pharaoh and his army.

At the appointed forty nights Musa received the Torah (7:142-145). In his absence his people worshipped a calf made by as-Samiri (20:85-88). Later came the command about the cow (2:67-73), and his journey with the righteous servant of Allah to learn from him (18:60-82).

islamweb's series notes many story details that the Quran does not state, such as a soothsayer's warning to Pharaoh and names given to unnamed people, so we leave them out.

Evidence

QuranMaryam (Mary)Quran 19:51

وَٱذْكُرْ فِى ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مُوسَىٰٓ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مُخْلَصًا وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَّبِيًّا ٥١

And mention in the Book, Moses. Indeed, he was chosen, and he was a messenger and a prophet.[817]

Translator's notes

[817] A messenger (rasūl) is one who was charged by Allāh to reform society. A prophet (nabī) is one who received revelation from Allāh, the latter being more numerous than the former.

Saheeh International · QuranEnc v1.1.2

Another translation: Al-Hilali & Muhsin Khan · QuranEnc v1.1.2

51. And mention in the Book (this Qur’ân) Mûsâ (Moses). Verily he was chosen and he was a Messenger (and) a Prophet.

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QuranAl-Baqara (The Cow)Quran 2:53

وَإِذْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْفُرْقَانَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ ٥٣

And [recall] when We gave Moses the Scripture and criterion[27] that perhaps you would be guided.

Translator's notes

[27] Differentiating between truth and falsehood. "The Scripture and criterion" refers to the Torah.

Saheeh International · QuranEnc v1.1.2

Another translation: Al-Hilali & Muhsin Khan · QuranEnc v1.1.2

53. And (remember) when We gave Mûsâ (Moses) the Scripture [the Taurât (Torah)] and the criterion (of right and wrong) so that you may be guided aright."

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Scholarly opinionAl-Ahzaab (The Clans)Quran 33:7

وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِنَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مِيثَـٰقَهُمْ وَمِنكَ وَمِن نُّوحٍ وَإِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَى ٱبْنِ مَرْيَمَ ۖ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُم مِّيثَـٰقًا غَلِيظًا ٧

And [mention, O Muḥammad], when We took from the prophets their covenant and from you and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus, the son of Mary; and We took from them a solemn covenant

Saheeh International · QuranEnc v1.1.2

Another translation: Al-Hilali & Muhsin Khan · QuranEnc v1.1.2

7. And (remember) when We took from the Prophets their covenant, and from you (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم), and from Nûh (Noah), Ibrâhîm (Abraham), Mûsâ (Moses), and ‘Îsâ (Jesus) son of Maryam (Mary). We took from them a strong covenant.[4]

[4] (V.33:7) There are many Prophets and Messengers of Allâh. About twenty-five of them are mentioned in the Qur’an; out of these twenty-five, only five are of strong will: namely (Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم, Nûh (Noah), Ibrâhîm (Abraham), Mûsâ (Moses) and ‘Îsâ (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary) عليهم السلام).

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Commonly read by scholars as naming the five messengers 'of firm resolve' (46:35).

QuranTaa-Haa (Taa-Haa)Quran 20:14

إِنَّنِىٓ أَنَا ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنَا۠ فَٱعْبُدْنِى وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِذِكْرِىٓ ١٤

Indeed, I am Allāh. There is no deity except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance.

Saheeh International · QuranEnc v1.1.2

Another translation: Al-Hilali & Muhsin Khan · QuranEnc v1.1.2

14. "Verily! I am Allâh! Lâ ilâha illa Ana (none has the right to be worshipped but I), so worship Me, and perform As-Salât (Iqâmat-as-Salât) for My Remembrance.

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QuranAl-Qasas (The Stories)Quran 28:7

وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنْ أَرْضِعِيهِ ۖ فَإِذَا خِفْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَلْقِيهِ فِى ٱلْيَمِّ وَلَا تَخَافِى وَلَا تَحْزَنِىٓ ۖ إِنَّا رَآدُّوهُ إِلَيْكِ وَجَاعِلُوهُ مِنَ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ ٧

And We inspired to the mother of Moses, "Suckle him; but when you fear for him, cast him into the river and do not fear and do not grieve. Indeed, We will return him to you and will make him [one] of the messengers."

Saheeh International · QuranEnc v1.1.2

Another translation: Al-Hilali & Muhsin Khan · QuranEnc v1.1.2

7. And We inspired the mother of Mûsâ (Moses): (telling): "Suckle him [Mûsâ (Moses)], but when you fear for him, then cast him into the river and fear not, nor grieve. Verily, We shall bring him back to you, and shall make him one of (Our) Messengers." [Tafsir Al-Qurtubi]

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